Sustainable Adsorption Method for the Remediation of Crystal Violet Dye Using Nutraceutical Industrial Fenugreek Seed Spent

Nutraceutical industrial fenugreek seed spent (NIFGS), a relatively low-cost material abundantly available with little toxicity is used in crystal violet (CV) dye remediation from aqueous media and reported the present study. To access adsorption capacity, factors affecting it are kinetics equilibrium thermodynamics. All experiments were designed at approximately pH 7. The isotherm model proposed by Langmuir fits better than Freundlich model. Kinetic studies data confirm pseudo-second order It evident thermodynamic parameter values that process of endothermic, physical dynamic. optimization independent variables influence was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) through bi-level fractional factorial experimental design (FEED). analysis variance (ANOVA) implemented to investigate combined effect parameters influencing adsorption. possibilities dye-adsorbed NIFGS (“sludge”) for fabrication composites plastic waste suggested.